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potassium 41 is a radioactive isotope of potassium. It is a component of potassium-argon (K-Ar) dating of minerals.
This element is found in the earth’s crust and is an important part of the chemistry of the soil. It is an essential cation that is required by plants for photosynthesis, regulation of osmosis and growth, and enzyme activation.
It is also required by animals for the synthesis of muscle and nerve tissue. In higher animals, selective complexants for Na+ and K+ act at cell membranes to provide “active transport.” This transport transmits electrochemical impulses in nerve and muscle cells and regulates nutrient intake and waste removal from the cells.
Plasma potassium is normally maintained at 3.5 to 5.5 millimoles per liter by several mechanisms. Levels outside this range increase the rate of death from multiple causes and lead to heart abnormalities, kidney disease, and lung diseases.
Excessive dietary potassium is not a health hazard in adults with normal kidney function, although some case reports suggest that large doses of potassium supplements can cause heart abnormalities and death. A committee of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine (NASEM) did not set a UL for potassium, based on these reported effects.
Like its periodic table neighbor sodium, potassium melts below the boiling point of water (63 degC) and is less dense than water. This makes it less likely to explode than sodium, which is more likely to shatter when burned. It emits a violet or lilac flame when heated and is less likely to cause injury than sodium, which gives a yellow flame.
