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copper sulfate monohydrate (CuSO4*5H2O), also known as cupric sulfate or archaically blue vitriol, is a blue inorganic salt with the chemical formula CuSO4. It occurs naturally as the mineral chalcantite. It is a water-soluble copper source used in electroplating, mining industries and for other applications that require the presence of copper ions. It is also an effective fungicide and aquatic herbicide, and it can be used in combination with potassium permanganate to test for reducing sugars. It is also a colorant in artwork and used as an oxidizing agent for etching copper or zinc plates for intaglio print making.
It is moderately toxic and must be kept away from children and pets. It is also abrasive and can damage some plastics and glass. It is also a moderately soluble copper metal, which makes it dangerous for inhalation and may be irritating to eyes and skin. It is also a fire hazard. Copper(II) sulfate is also an effective corrosion inhibitor for steel and wrought iron.
Several government agencies have developed programs to evaluate the potential of chemicals to cause cancer. However, since human bodies are normally able to regulate the amount of copper that enters them, most experts agree that there is no need to set a cancer classification descriptor for copper or its salts.
