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Magnesium carbonate hydrate is a white crystalline substance that is made up of MgO6 octahedra. These octahedra run along the b-axis and are the internal structural units of hydromagnesite.
The most common forms of magnesium carbonate hydrate are dihydrates and trihydrates. They are available commercially from a wide range of suppliers in the world.
Dihydrates are soluble in water, while trihydrates are a little less soluble. Both forms are produced by reacting a soluble magnesium salt with sodium bicarbonate. A trihydrate has a refractive index of 1.456 and a density of 1.73 g/cc.
Basic magnesium carbonate is a natural mineral found in nature as a hydrated salt. It can be obtained by mining ore. In addition to its use as a metal alloy, it has a mild astringent property.
This mineral can also be marketed for flame retardant applications. It is also used as a whitening agent in skulls.
The name magnesium was first applied to natural magnesium carbonate in 1808. This mineral has a colourless, shiny gray, and triclinic structure.
The crystalline form of magnesium carbonate hydrate is affected by the pH of the solution. Acidic solutions yield dihydrates, while alkaline solutions give crystalline materials. Also, the temperature of the solution affects the type of crystalline magnesium carbonate hydrate.
At low temperatures, amorphous magnesium carbonate crystallizes into nesquehonite, a white crystalline substance. At high temperatures, it crystallizes into hydromagnesite.
Hydromagnesite has a monoclinic crystal structure. The structure of nesquehonite is determined by the atomic oxygen and hydrogen atoms added to the octahedra of MgO6.
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