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Nanoparticles have many important applications in biomedical engineering. They offer advantages like high drug loading capacity, site-specific action, pH-responsive behavior and low toxicity.
CaCO3 nanoparticles can be synthesized in different sizes. Their shape and morphology depends on the chemical reaction, reactant ions and the temperature. The synthesis of CaCO3 micro- and nanoparticles has attracted much attention in recent years. Various techniques are used to produce them.
Mechanical methods include ball milling and milling at high pressure. Precipitation method involves addition of various molecules such as surfactants, chelating agents, polymers, and ionic liquids. It is a cost-effective and facile procedure. This method can be applied in tissue engineering and biosensing.
Chemical synthesis method uses enzymes and chemotherapeutic agents. Biological method is environmentally friendly and safe. Microorganisms are used to synthesize nanoparticles. These materials can be used as nano-factories for controlled release of drugs.
Recently, researchers have developed biodegradable, porous calcium carbonate nanoparticles. These materials are widely used as catalysts, filler materials and reservoirs for drug storage. In addition, they can be used as biosensors to detect environmental pollution. Calcium carbonate nanoparticles have also been used as a drug delivery vehicle and a drug delivery platform.
Nanoparticles are made by biological, mechanical and chemical synthesis. CCNPs are synthesized using natural plant extracts and microorganisms. Among the synthesis methods, the simplest and most common technique is the in situ deposition method. Usually, the precursor mixture is heated at 700 oC for 5 h.
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